Thomas Nagel’s: The Absurdity of Life

In this term paper, I will discuss about life, death and the absurdity of life, by showing the different methods of this term paper which are the following the synthesis, analysis, critique and the last one is the conclusion. Personally, I admit that the book of Thomas Nagel entitled â€Å"The view from nowhere† as my one reference, is so difficult to comprehend and I think, this reference or book is not fit for the first timer who takes the philosophy course. But rather, I think it is intended only for those experts’s in philosophy course, who can easily understand the chapters in the book.However, in spite of that difficulty that I have been experienced, what I did was to go beyond my best with pressing mind just to give some insights of that book and of course, so that the readers will give some intention to read this works. However, when I did this term paper, I always kept on thinking that this difficulty, is part of my training, even though it gives my mind so pai nful but I never stop to work on it, just for that difficulties. Even though, the book implies a very analytic approach.Indeed, I’m happy to say that the book teaches my mind to think beyond this world and it gives me some techniques to expand my mind and more so to acknowledge my topic which is the absurdity of life. Honestly, I haven’t finished reading the book but I think if I’m going to continue reading the book, although every chapter have a connection and has difference interpretation, it would makes my mind more complex to dissect the different insights of every chapters. I read only the last chapter of the book which focuses more about life.Because I think, it would make me interesting to discuss about life, because some people or majority are now have this kind of fear to face life and to face death. So, in this term paper, I also dedicate my work to those people who are struggling about the different phobia in life. Thus, I heard some voices that would say that the book is an interesting book. But, I deny there words and I did not affirm yet. In the sense, that it’s very hard to understand the different connections in every chapter. In the other sense, I have also this feeling to affirm on what they said, in the sense that it gives us enlightenment and wider mind.Thomas Nagel as contemporary philosopher wanted to break the vicious circle regarding many possibilities that would happen in life and even in death. Yes, possibility would positively happen in our life but as my suggestion, we will minimize the fear in life in all that we experience because we know that â€Å"The one† guides us in every steps of our journey. I. Synthesis: Life is like the â€Å"analogy of the spider†1 where directly appeared in the urinal of the men’s room who have a unique attitude of existence.It keeps on moving until it finds a comfortable and secure place to continue feeding any tiny attractive insects. So, from this anal ogy I think the spider has two standpoints here by looking at life. These two standpoints here are the characteristics in life which are synthetic and analytic. It is somehow called as the passivity of life in looking to the physical world because it seems that it keeps on moving to find the infinite satisfaction but as human being can’t satisfy. Thomas Nagel presented life as instances, while explaining the metaphysical life.However, as I could see Nagel somehow used also the anthropological explanation about life. As what I understood the book of Nagel that life is the center in the universe. It simply means that if we negate to recognize life, the universe also affected and experience negation because universe is composed of bodily life, which every living organism seems to experience existence. As Blondel said, that we should recognized our responsibility or duty to live life. It means that life would undergo a certain process to go back to the origin.In other words, it h as certain path of reflexive to think what should life to be. There is a movement in life which seems to be the prime mover in controlling the condition of the world. Thus, dissatisfaction in life is unavoidable but as human being, we keep on desiring more and more and we think that all what we desire can achieve it. As Maurice Blondel would say â€Å"never stop† continue to seek what is in life. As Blondel said â€Å"it can be less perfect but it cannot be perfect as we seek life. This means that we can achieve what should life to be but not totally.As human being, we have life and we try rendering life by moving self to attain the very meaning of life. However, we should not forget to go beyond the contradiction of freedom is infinite reality as Blondel said. We should act life according to our norm, rendering ourselves into action in sacrifices that undergo a hectic process to attain the very meaning of life. Thomas Nagel, emphasis life in general. Including the life of t he animals, and as we can see the different animals, keeps also in finding the space in this world wherein they were capable to survive whatever challenge that would give to nature.Like for example the life of a turtle that is not incapable of living in the limited water, so the turtle would be transfer near in the abundant water areas such as in fishpond, near in the posits where the water keep on flowing towards the certain area where the turtle is capable to live. However, it doesn’t matter like this situation but there is a slight the same standpoints. Indeed, Thomas Nagel presented life as instances or in the word accidental and still a mystery. A mystery which is cannot be solved in a logical way. Thus, life for me has something to negate the objectivity and it is necessary in life, as Thomas Aquinas would say.If we try to looks at the case of life in our time, we possible know the flow of life; it has been a structure to make. However, we annunciated to someone by just comparing our existence to other self. LIFE: â€Å"The point of objectivity with respect to value runs the risk of having value behind altogether. We may reach a standpoint so removed from the perspective of human life that all we can do is to observe: nothing seems to have a value of the kind it appears to have from inside and all we can see is human desires, human striving – human valuing as an activity or condition†2As far as I understand from this footnote, it seems that it aims to negate the human life so that we could somehow focus only on the objectivity as basis to look at life giving distance to evaluate life beyond the value of life itself. It is just like to deny the essence of life and then transcend in objective way, so that we can evaluate life by observing the condition of the world. â€Å"The uneasy relation between inner and outer perspectives, neither of which we can escape, makes it hard to maintain a coherent attitude toward the fact that we exist , toward the meaning or point our lives†3 4Yes, since we exist in a mystery or accidental way by means of our parents. We cannot detached the coherent attitudes of life because of the fact that we are imperfect being that have the access to look at the physical world as full of dissatisfaction and as well as looking the content of the world objectively. In other hand, by doing such different functions in our existence, we can slowly know the identity of what should life to be. â€Å"The same person who is subjectively submitted without destroying it – leaving him divided.And objection self, noticing that it is personally identical with the object of its detachment, comes to feel trapped in this particular life – detached but unable to disengage and dragged along by a subjective seriousness it can’t even attempt to rid of† It means that Thomas Nagel from this passages life reduced from universal to particular which the individual life. We have indivi dual insights by looking at life. That there is something things that we not yet to know in each individual, that is why Nagel reduce the objective self.However, it is like this if we try to compare our self to other personally, it seems that there is something that makes us human being different and yet we cannot grasp at it easily, as if we are passive to grasp it. As if, it is known to us but we cannot hold it and that makes everyone unique. It is just like comparing the two people and then eliminates the thing makes different. â€Å"No doubt many who have experienced the discomfort of objective detachment from themselves simply forget about it and live inside the world as if there were no external view†5It means that sometimes as we continue to live in the world, we sometimes forget the basis in life to go back the objective detachment and we simply live our life miserable without seeing the external world, as if we are in blind fold to see the external world. Thomas Nage l emphases that we should not forget what govern life to find the very essence of it by looking the flow of life itself. â€Å"The wish to live so far as possible in full recognition that one’s position in the universe is not central has anelement of the religious impulse about it, or at least an on acknowledges and includes it can be fruitful, even if complete integration inevitably eludes us†6 We cannot deny the fact that most human being searched life through religious impulse or spiritual aspects. Because, some would think in the sense that it can somehow find the authentic answer of life, on what life should be. Even though, some people believe in different doctrines it is necessary to them to worship because they believe that by means of worshiping to something, it can trigger to answer stands of life.I believe that many did this way as contemplation to transcend there self to find the answer of life. â€Å"The external standpoint and the contemplation of death lead to loss of equilibrium in life. Most of us have felt a constant undertow of absurdity in the projects and ambitions that give our lives their forward drive†7 Life is like a substance it has the capacity to transcend in every moment, and it has mind that keeps on thinking in advance on what will happened about natural phenomenon of life basing to the objective reality.It is somehow like putting life into distance and fronting with the external standpoint in able to destroy the objective reality. However, it is always keep on contemplating to transcend life itself looking to others which also keep on wondering that is why the external would allow breaking life into death. If we look the very context of life, it seems that if we could look closely the phenomenon beyond life, there is something would appear that life is like cycle. If there is life, there is also the time of death, which is call as the natural phenomenon of life?So, we could not confiscate life because life i s only cooperating according to existence. I addition , if put life in the particular box and then life would able to get out from that certain box, the life would separate from the external reality and it would create a phenomenon which is in negative side which is death. â€Å"The real me is not merely part of my world. The person who I am is a contingent on me, I depend for my existence on TN, and TN depends on the world and is inessential to it.This is another of the discomforts of being someone in particular; my world depends for its existence on his birth, even though he also appears in it as a character. It is eerie to see oneself and one’s entire world in this way as a natural product†. 8 Thomas from this footnote refers his life according to TN which remind him the being ness of his self in particular. It means that without TN as body, the self which represent as I of Thomas Nagel cannot exist anymore in particular.In addition, there should be something body w hich can represent the whole life of Thomas Nagel which can recognize regarding his existence where he depend on it. In other words, If we elaborate the whole point, I which is TN represents as the one who is doing the action and it would combine the self so that we can see the being ness of Thomas Nagel. MEANING: â€Å"In seeing ourselves from outside we find it difficult to take our lives seriously. This loss of conviction, and attempt to regain it, is the problem of meaning of life†. 9So, Thomas Nagel stated that if we look at life outside vision, we could see the self has a genuine problem. Because, if we put self outside reality it has lots of possibility to be consider and it has potential to not attain the meaning of life. This problem is quite difficult to reconcile. In this problem, I will give this my answer, regarding this one by exposing my analysis at successive parts of the term paper. â€Å"The capacity for transcendence brings with it a liability to alienatio n, and the wish to escape this condition and to find a larger meaning can lead to even greater absurdity.Yet we can’t abandon the external standpoint because it is our own. †10 Transcendence is a factor to attain knowledge, but in this case it’s quite different. Thus, if we keep on transcending her, the life would become absurd it is. We can somehow arrived into absurdity and its very depressing point that the life would arrived into negation. Because if try to put life in the external reality we can somehow see the concrete issue of life to be absurd. Although, we have been sets the different aim in living our existence. In fact, in this footnotes, we could not say that life can attain the meaning of life.Moreover, if keep on transcending ourselves externally, we can not say in the first place that life has a reason to be exists because life in the first place it’s a mystery and aside from that it’s full of negation of permeated by neurotic obsessi on. â€Å"The real problem is with external point of view, which cannot remain a mere spectator once the self has expanded to accommodate it. It has to join in with the rest and lead this life from which it is disengaged. As a result the person becomes in significant part detached from what he is doing†. 11This is just a problem of self from external reality, when it is on the way to expand in leading life into disengaged which can detached from the I, which is the one doing such action. However, this is remaining a problem of self, in putting self into external reality. Once, it is reconcile already, it will give us such conclusion about what should the possibility of life to be. It is absurd or it is life a meaning. This is the clue of this paper, to dissect the essence of life. â€Å"The internal view resist to reduction to a subject interpretation of its contents which the external view tries to force on it.But this puts the objective standpoint in conflict with itself. Finding my objectively insignificant, I am nevertheless unable to extricate myself from an unqualified commitment to it – to my aspirations and ambitions, my wishes for fulfillment, recognition, and understanding, and so forth. The sense of absurd is the result of this juxtaposition†. 12 The fact that the self govern from external reality, the self would return into passivity which can test the objectivity to create a conflict and the internal reality would reduce to particular self.The standpoints of objectivity will calculate the particular object. â€Å"The loss of self in the individual sense is thought to require by the revelations of an impersonal view, which takes precedence over the view from here. And apparently it is possible for some individuals to achieve this withering away of the ego, so that personal life continues only as a vehicle for the transcendent self, not as an end itself†. 13 The particular individuals can achieve the ego of others, if the ego or the â€Å"I† will sensitive on counteracting the possibility of transcendence.Moreover, transcendence is the factor to recall all the past experience of the particular self. But, it will cause also the conflict in the part of transcendence, if the Ego will not aware of the external reality. So, that would that the self should be careful of transcending while looking the self to the external or outside reality because as Thomas Nagel said that it will the possible can that the life will absurd and he agreed about that thought. â€Å"I would rather lead absurd life engaged in the particular than a seamless transcendental life immersed in the universal†. 14As what I understood from this passage from the book, it seems that Thomas Nagel would rather like to project his vision of life in the particular subjective standpoints than to project life in the universal objective reality. Here, we can see the important of particular subjectivity and we can also find here th e deduction point of view about life, wherein life reduces from universal to particular subjectivity. I would rather to affirm the point of Thomas Nagel that life should be in the particular stands so that it will become easy to us to eliminate the habitual weakness in life which are the failures.â€Å"Objectivity is not content to remain a servant of the individual perspective and its values. It has a life of its own inspiration for transcendence that will not be quieted in response to the call to reassume our true identity. This shows itself not only in the permanent disaffection from individual life that is the sense of the absurd†. 15 The objectivity has a life, as what Thomas Nagel clarifies from this passage, in which can drives the whole rule of transcendence. So, objectivity is not the things subject can be independent itself. It is a matter of looking at the particular subjective reality.â€Å"The external standpoint plays an important positive role in human motivat ion as well as a negative one, and the two cannot separate. Both depend on the independence of the external view and the pressure it puts us under to bring it into our lives. The sense of the absurd is just a perception of the limits of this effort; reached when we ascend higher on the transcendental ladder than a mere human individuality can follow, even with the help of considerable readjustment†. 16 It means that if our life climb to objectivity and yet it will not successfully fulfill to complete, the will arrived to absurdity.In this passage, it seems that we can find two movements here of life. To go up to objectivity and to retreat from the objectivity to go down, return to particular subjective being and yet this would be the primary cause of absurd life. Thomas Nagel agreed with this kind of thought and he presented that the subject not the complete in objectivity, it would full to go down and then, he said that this is the origin of the absurdity in life. In addition , we transcend objectively and yet we fail to reach the completeness of our transcendence and the possible life to do is to go back into particular.This is the reason why our life will absurd and Thomas Nagel defended on this argument, in saying partially that life will absurd through this instances. We can copy this argument by citing again the analogy of certain spider which chain in the men’s urinal room. So, if we try to trace back the analogy of the spider, it seems we can find the same cases to what Thomas Nagel saying about the absurdity of life. So, in the case of the spider, since the spider is in chain for almost ten years and the only thing that the spider can do is to keep climbing the wall up and down in any moment.The same also about the reason why our life will be absurd according Thomas Nagel. This point will be included in the part of my critique. â€Å"Finally, there is an attitude which cuts through the opposition between transcendent universality and paro chial self – absorption and that is the attitude of nonegocentric respect for the particular†. 17 As what my analogy would explain this passage that there is something an impulse of cutting the universal and particular which can be the cause of life to be absurd.However, from this instance in times of cutting both universal and particular, it would try to say that the subject or the individual self can be the attitude of nonegocentric of the particular subjectivity. DEATH: â€Å"Particular things can have a noncompetitive completeness which is transparent to all aspects to all aspects of the self. This also helps explain why the experience of great beauty tends to unify the self: the object engages us immediately and totally in a way that makes distinctions among points of view of irrelevant†.18 It seems that particular can freely stand transparently to all aspects of self with no competitions to objective reality. The particular here also has its own unifying id entity which cultivate by any subject. Most of us can deal about personal self without consulting to the other self and it is an overview of the independent of particular to stand alone and looking only in future by using present individual self. This is formally called as unifying idea of the particular which is the principle of particular itself.However, this could not suppose that this is only the attitudes or characteristic of particular, which is to unify the principle itself, as a basis in looking to other reality. But rather, the particular has also consists of several transparent characteristics to set as guidelines to eliminate the completeness of the objectivity. â€Å"Our constitutional self – absorption together with our capacity to recognize its excessiveness make us irreducibly absurd even if we achieve a measure of subjective-objective integration by bringing the two standpoints closer together.The gap is too wide to be closed entirely, for anyone who is fully human†. 19 From this footnote, Thomas Nagel put self as having limitation to integrate other subject which irreducible to reach the point of absurdity of life in each subject-objective by bringing the two standpoints, in which the two points have a connection to limit the movement of self to other self which can possible, made the absurdity of human life. This is still the problem here, even if life will organized other subject which also had life.So, the capacity of self here is quite limited, in short self has limited territory to move. Unlike, the part objectivity, it us has universal movement which means the objectivity has the unlimited to move anytime. â€Å"We are so accustomed to the parallel progress of subjective and objective time that there is some that there is some shock in the realization that the world will go calmly on without me after I disappear. It is the ultimate form of abandonment†.20 It simply means that if the self will experienced in track of death, the objective time will not stop to function but it will spontaneously working to keep on transcending and transcending, even if all existence will in that track of death. The objective still continues to exist and do the function to the world. â€Å"In our objective conception of the world, particular things can come to an end because the possibility of their non- existence is allowed for.The possibility of both the existence and the nonexistence of a particular object, artifact, organism, or person is given by actualities which underlie either possibility and coexist with both of them. Thus the existence of certain elements and truth of the laws of chemistry underlie the possibility of synthesizing a particular chemical compound, or of decomposing it. Such possibilities rest on actualities†21. The issue here regarding this footnote, is that particular things was already have a place wherein it was being actualize and this actuality is no other than death.It is someho w the same with the act and potency. In such life continue moving towards the existence itself and yet as a result is the actuality to be actualize which is death. Death is actuality, because the possibility of nonexistence is allowed to enter in the particular things which the human being is involved which underlie for this stage to not again exist. â€Å"This is a very strong form of nothingness, the disappearance of an inner world that had not been thought of as a contingent manifestation at all and whose absence is therefore not the realization of a possibility already contained in the conception of it.It turns out that I am not the sort of a thing I was unconsciously tempted to think I was a set of ungrounded possibilities as opposed to a set of possibilities grounded in a contingent actuality†22 From these footnotes, refers to the definition of death and it is being referred also to the possibility of realization that had been set to be actualizing as ungrounded series to the possibility of life. This realization that I’m referring to is not â€Å"in the future events† but it is rather in the present events of life.It is just like that we can only think in the present but nothingness comes, nothing cans future to think of. â€Å"Another reason to regard death without too much concern is that everyone’s mortality is part of the general cycle of biological renewal which, like the fact that hawks eat mice, it makes no sense to deplore†. 23 Practical speaking death is a part of life which all of the living things including us are subject to dies. On other hand, life has a biological renewal, even if our life will absurd to exist.As Blondel said that life and death has no other way to escape, but to undergo a process to of life which is death is natural to be taken those who exist. Our life is not permanent here on earth. We only barrowed these lives in order for us exist. â€Å"My death was going to occur in consequence of the end of the world†. 24 It means that if human being experienced life to exist, human being also will have to experience death which is the consequences of our existence. Human life is not permanent even other living being it has the access to take death. In short, no one is excused to take life in death.Because, our life here on earth were pass by and because of the very fact that we are mortal being. In short, all things living organism is subject to destined in death. However, living organism even human being hasn’t known what specific time death will come to us, we just unaware of the time to take death. Conclusion: Well, based on the footnotes that I have been explained, the Skeptical mind of Thomas Nagel looking at life, he really believes that life will absurd by putting life in external reality and proving the common ground of human being which gives us a view that the life will absurd.Thus, I would like first to elaborate why our life will absurd by again us ing the analogy of the spider. So, as I look at the analogy of the spider, for almost ten years in chain in the men’s urinal room, so, the only thing that can spider did was to repeated and repeated climbed up in the wall finding the tiny attractive insects to feed as means survival and yet it goes down where the spider started to climb from that particular wall any moment of instances and that makes the absurdity of the life.However, if we try also to elaborate our life as human being, we can see the big deal here about the absurdity of life by just looking at our self to the objective reality, in which our life are restless, always keep on in desiring and struggling just to go beyond the objective reality and yet, we fail to go beyond objectively because we have only limited capacity to grasp that, then we stop to go beyond and go back the origin because we cannot hold the very beyond of life because we are limited to reached that beyond ness and we cannot force ourselves t o tap for something divine for us, that’s why our life will arrived at absurdity.I will negate the idea of Thomas Nagel because actually in the very nature of life there is no infinite movement to escape from this absurdity of life and this is the very nature of life because, in the first place, we were exist in mystery way with limited knowledge of the external reality. So, what we should to do is only to accept whatever the consequence of our existence.On the other hand, Thomas Nagel considered this absurdity as a consequence of our existence. However, as we know that life will have the access to be absurd, then we should not let our life do what is not good for us but to rather, continue nurture our life in right path. I therefore, conclude that life wills absurd because our life has a limitation to look at objectively and the limitation is hindrance to absurd life.

A person who influeneced me Essay

  When reflecting on personal influences in my life, no one has had a greater impact than my father. He is and always continues to be a positive role model as a father. He always stands by my side, and whenever I fall down, he encourages me to stand up by myself and on my own feet. He has a huge impact on the way I become a person today. He has influenced my life by teaching me the lessons and showing me the right behavior and wrong behaviors In the description of my father. It is evident that language and language diversity plays a large role in critical thinking and expressions. Creative writers have the power to make the ordinary unique and the unique ordinary. My father taught me the most important lesson: how to be a man. I still remembered the day that my father sat next to me and said that â€Å"Listen son, the most important thing to help you become the successful person is your honesty. Never lie to anyone and never lie to yourself†. Read more:  Essay the person I admire is my mother After saying that, he slowly explained the value of honesty. He showed me that every bad situation in the world began with a lie. When a person steals something, he lies to the law, or when a husband cheats on his wife, he lies to his wife. My father often tells me that being a man means facing the truth. I always think back on those words when I get into trouble. My father’s teachings were a cure for my selfishness. He taught me to consider everyone as a part of my family and taught me how to love people by sharing and giving. I believe that the biggest fantasy in life is to buy someone something he really needs and watch his facial expression. From my place I am thankful for everything he taught me. He taught me things that I need or was going to in life. I am what I am because of him and whatever I will achieve in my life will be credited to him. I believe that my father will always be with me even after his soul leaves his body; he will be there through his teachings that I believe are my duty to pass on to my children.

Prisoner Rehabilitation Essay

The rising inmate population and overcrowding in prisons is a problem. A lot of this problem comes from repeat offenders who have had a lack of prison rehabilitation. People have two different views about the prison system. The first is that prisons are â€Å"jails† and that everyone in the â€Å"jails† should suffer for their crimes. They feel since they are criminals and do not abide by the rules of society they should not be able to become part of a society. Others view prisons as correctional facilities where prisoners can accept their mistakes and be rehabilitated, eventually being assimilated. I feel that that â€Å"jails† are from criminals such as rapists, murders and other criminals that clearly will never be able to accept the rules society and show no hope of being rehabilitated. On the other hand I feel that some criminals see the light of there mistakes while in prison and want to move on and hopefully never return to prison. But prisoners loathing for prison alone cannot guarantee prisoners to not end up in the same position once free. Prisoners need to be cured in more ways than fearing punishment. I feel these prisoners need to be rehabilitated to the point that at the end of there sentence they realize that committing crimes is only a way out and feel they will not fall back into a life of crime and be ready to enter society as a free man with some aspirations of a law abiding life. But usually this never happens because of the way prison rehabilitation is. Prison Rehabilitation is mostly the experience of prison itself where you go in to a place that makes you live around criminals and never get out of the criminal mind state and never can grow to realize your mistakes and move on in your life. Towards the end of your sentence there is usally no help to integrate back into society at all, which is the most critical time for help. It seems to me that during the last years of a prisoner who has a good prison record’s sentence they should be eligible to enroll in correctional prisons that weren’t required to be paroled but provided a alternative to â€Å"jail† and provided you with not only more freedoms than jail but an opportunity to make it a smaller step into the real world than coming right from jail. This correctional facility soul purpose would be to rehabilitate while still providing similar jail atmosphere. It would be mandatory to take high school or college classes or be trained in certain vocational areas where your grades would determine eligibility. Along with these classes there would be a series of other classes that would integrate you back with society. This would be totally up to the prisoner to maintain and get the most out of this because that is what you have to do to succeed and be rehabilitated.

Friend Game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Friend Game - Essay Example The article explains the different roles of each individual in the death of the girl, by sending malicious messages to her which frustrates the girl leading to her sudden death. Despite Tina’s endless trials to find justice for her lovely daughter, she does not get justice, and in return she turns to make the life of Lori Drew miserable. The Drew’s are aware that their daughter is responsible for the death of Megan, but they deny that fact blaming her that she actually took her life. Justice is denied to the Meier’s despite the endless efforts of the reporters who do the investigation to reveal the reality. Meier is a teenager who needs to be protected from malicious actions, and she is protected by the enforced privacy laws and laws governing the use of social media. In my view, she was denied justice is justified by the reasons discussed in the main body of the essay. Statement of the problem Abuse of the social media has been a problem for a long time which ha s become a global disaster to manage. The abuse is done through the internet harassment which is often done by sending of hostile messages to individuals over the social media. In the ‘Friend’s Game,’ article by Collins, we identify how a young girl of thirteen years is harassed by receiving hostile messages from friends, through her MySpace account. There are various people involved in the death of the thirteen year old girl involving even older people than her. The research tries to determine whether or not the woman did the cyber-bullying should be prosecuted or imprisoned. This is a problem that needs to be stopped with effective policies and laws governing social privacy. The laws should be enforced and enforced to be used in a court of law to determine cases of the same caliber. Objectives; Main objective - to determine whether or not the woman who did cyber-bullying should be prosecuted Other objectives; To identify reasons as to why the principal offender s should be prosecuted and imprisoned for their ‘crimes’ To indentify the influence of the offenders on the girl’s death To identify the laws and policies available and responsible for regulating use of internet and social media, governing the users’ privacy. Analysis and discussion In the analysis of the events and circumstances surrounding death of Meier Megan, a thirteen year old girl who commits suicide at her home. The girl is a victim of internet harassment. The aim of the study is to determine whether or not the woman who did cyber-bullying should be prosecuted. Objective to be discussed aims at obtaining reasons for prosecution or imprisonment; to determine the impact of the offenders on the death of the girl and to identify the laws and policies reasonable for enforcing internet privacy. Megan as an individual lead a natural lifestyle despite the challenges she faced due to her illness, but her parents were in hand to help her cope with the situat ion. Lori Drew and Megan lived in the same neighborhood, and they were long time friends who played together during their child hood. She was thirteen years and a volley ball player and to crown it all a Chihuahua manic. Despite all this, she led a gloomy lifestyle as she

Religion in What Dreams May Come True Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion in What Dreams May Come True - Essay Example These religions based their teachings on psychoanalytical postulations of human beings urging followers that the answers to their questions were to be found in no other place other than within. The 1998 film starring Robin Williams called â€Å"What Dreams May Come† clearly brings into perspective some of the postulations that have been used by emerging religions and the reason for the sudden popularity of those religions among the masses. There are questions that even in this age of technological advancements human beings have not been able to answer particularly the ones that pertain to his essence as a being and whether the earthly existence is by chance, or it is a journey with a purpose and a particular destination. The paper looks at how the film â€Å"What Dreams May Come True† manages to bring about some key characteristics in the teachings of New Thought Religions. The Power of the Mind. The concept of the power of the mind is clearly found in the teachings of Ernest Homes who postulated that human beings had the power to control their destiny through the power of their minds. Holmes outlines that the first greatest discovery that human being ever made was that ‘He could think† (Holmes 24). Holmes goes on to outline that the power of the human mind is evident in how man has utilized the resources nature has provided for him to come up with great inventions. New Thought religions propose on the power of the mind and are perhaps the source of the concept of the power of positive thinking. In the film â€Å"What Dreams May Come† the producer manages to bring about the concept of the power of thought through the family of Dr. Christopher. After the death of his children and going through emotional distress, Dr. Chris is also involved in car accident and finds himself in heaven.

Technological Advancements and the Rise of Western Civilization Essay

Technological Advancements and the Rise of Western Civilization - Essay Example In particular, the creation of more effective weapons, and the advancement of maritime equipment meant that Western Civilizations could be more easily spread to outlying regions, most of which still are marked by Western culture today. Before it was known as Western Civilization, the culture we are familiar with now was referred to as the 'Occident', as a way of separating it from the 'Orient'. In the 16th century, Western culture was generally defined as those societies which had sprung up from Roman and Greek settlement and, to varying degrees, decided to adopt Christianity and to engage in close trade with one another. The nations participating in these activities included Italy, Greece, England, Scotland, Ireland, Portugal, France, Spain and several other Western European nations (Carrier 79). The Western World in the 16th century was marked by radical religious ideologies, mass revolt, the exploitation of European slave markets and ultimately the unification of the Occident into a tightly-knit economic, political and religious unit. Although during that time the citizens of each individual Western country would not have imagined themselves as part of one rising dominant culture, it was the fact that these European countries were geographically forced to deal with one another than made this early Occident the basis for modern Western Civilization. ... s own position in the region but to embrace those fundamental ideals of democracy and Christian morality and from a powerful standpoint, spread them into further reaches of Europe and eventually across the Atlantic Ocean (Ibid 85-95). Technology and Economic Advancement Technological advancements in early Western nations were not only fundamental to the spread of Western culture, but they were the tools by which the slave trade, the primary aspect of Western expansion (Kamen 235-250). Most European countries were involved in the slave trade to some degree, however it was the aggressive tactics of the Portuguese, the Spanish and then the English that fully opened up African countries for slave exploitation and subsequently built their economies and spread their culture. The two major technological advancements for Western Civilization in the 16th century were based on maritime equipment and weaponry. To build a strong economy, based largely on the slave trade, Western European countries needed to update their maritime technologies for better, safer seafaring. Two inventions that helped tremendously with this effort were the mariner's astrolabe and the magnetic compass, both of which were in use for a few hundred years prior to any major Western expansion but that had not been fully adopted by European sailors. The mariner's astrolabe allowed sailors to navigate more accurately by using the stars, sun and moon, while the magnetic compass was a much more reliable version of earlier direction-seeking instruments. With these tools, as well as better ship-building techniques, sailors from Portugal, Spain, England and many other Western nations were suddenly employed in the slave trade to bring workers to their growing countries (Burwash 13-14). Simultaneously,

Talent Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Talent Management - Essay Example The emergence of technology, particularly the Internet, makes this process even easier, as companies worldwide are now recruiting via the Internet ("Leadership Advantage"). The Cayman Islands, for example, recruit people from various nationalities to join the international organizations on their islands. The Cayman Islands have clearly benefited from doing so, as they form the fifth largest financial centre in the world, with over 5,945 registered companies in the financial industry (Cayman Islands Chamber of Commerce). Furthermore, some of the current senior managers are headed for retirement, so it is important to have a new younger generation of fully competent persons for the future. It is expensive to always re-hire and re-train. Therefore, managing the talent already available within the organization is crucial (Sullivan 2005). Duttagupta (2005) has established a framework for managing talent. The process includes executive assessment, effective recruiting, coaching, providing feedback, mentoring, empowering, leadership assessment and development, as well as creation of a rewards system. The HRD as part of its business strategy may organize a company retreat for a weekend, perhaps at a hotel, where all the managers get together and assesses the organization's "current and future strat

Modern Europe History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern Europe History - Essay Example onomy was the dominant at the time, it was being threatened by the German and the American economy, which were also recovering pretty fast and growing immensely. This is where the British felt threatened by the Germans, since it was proving to be a major force in the struggle for the balance of power. The British perceptions of its own vulnerability forced it to start looking for support from countries that it felt were more friendly and supportive to it (Hobsbawm, 107). Thus, it ended up forming some alliances, which prompted other countries such as Germany and Italy, which were also struggling to emerge as dominant powers in Europe, to start establishing their alliances with the countries they found supportive and aligned to them. The creation of such alliances was the culmination of setting the stage for the First World War, since the dominant powers and their allies started preparing their armies to repel a possible attack to their allies by the antagonists (Hobsbawm, 92). Thus, when the conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary accelerated, it was the time for their allies to support them, sparking off the First World War. According to Hobsbawn, revolutionary developments and pressures on the periphery finally engulfed European nation states that had seemingly found ways to manage their own revolutionary movements. This is true, as exemplified by the case of France. The French revolution had occurred in 1789, causing radical social and political changes in France (Hobsbawm, 123). However, the country struggled through the upheaval and finally managed to stabilize towards the end of 1799. Nevertheless, the pressure that followed thereafter caused France to be engulfed in a struggle for power in Europe, mainly after Germany annexed some territory of Alsace-Lorraine, which was previously under the French control (Hobsbawm, 214). This created a feeling of resentment and animosity between France and Germany, with France feeling that it had to avenge itself, for

Ijarah and conventional lease contracts Assignment

Ijarah and conventional lease contracts - Assignment Example The main aim of this research is to give detailed characteristic of conventional leasing system and Ijara, to disclose differences and common features and discuss the variety of options and applications of both(Usmani). â€Å"Ijarah† in the language of banking and finance can have two simple definitions â€Å"hiring† and â€Å"leasing† which are commonly interchangeable, but the origin of that word comes from Arabic ‘ajara’ which means ‘recompensing’ or ‘rewarding’. From the view of the Islamic banking system Ijarah is referred to Islamic contract of leasing of property and equipment, of land to be leased to a client for rental payments or stream payments. From the view of Islamic banking system Ijarah is referred to a certain leasing contract of property and equipment or land which is leased to a client for rental or stream payment(Open to comparison). Ijarah word is to symbolize a contract between the two sides – the lessee and the lessor where the lessor is presented as an owner of a property of any kind and he gives permission to a lessee to make use of the usufructs of the property in question with terms agreed about the leasin g and the rental period. According to the fact that Islamic countries cannot be disconnected with their religion Ijarah contract has gained the permission of the Shari’ah due to several authorities(Nizram): The both parts of the contract are to be provided with certain conditions: they must be able to take responsibilities as well as being in sound mind and having reached the age puberty and the majority age. Secondly, the must not be banned to deal with their property, they need to present stability and stay far from being declared bankrupt or wasteful. Both of the sides should not be under pressure re any kind of compulsion. There are four conditions set up for property: first and foremost property must be owned by a lessor, it has to be available for immediate use, it is supposed to be delivered to the lessee and

Discuss posthumanism and the fears concerning it that are addressed in Essay

Discuss posthumanism and the fears concerning it that are addressed in pop culture - Essay Example The world of pop culture has had a particular influence on art from the early 1960s on, through Pop Art. John Storey in his book "Cultural Theory and Popular Culture" defines popular culture as a culture that is related to masses and can be defined as an "authentic" culture of the people. It is commonly seen as a commercial culture that is mass produced for mass consumption Items of popular culture most typically appeal to a broad spectrum of the public. So a culture that is related to masses consequently represents the common ideas, practices, theories, customs, traditions and values of the people in all aspects of life, or in other words, it represents all that is truly human. As compared to the theories of Pop culture, Post humanism, as the name of a discourse, suggests an episteme which comes "after" humanism ("post-humanism") or even after the human itself ("post-human-ism").

Alzheimer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alzheimer - Research Paper Example By the year 2006, there was a recorded number of 26.6 million sufferers of the disease in the whole world. Four years later in the year 2012 this  number  had risen by 10%. Introduction Alzheimer’s disease tends to  arise  and develop in remarkably different ways among different individuals. This is in terms of both the time frame and rate of  progress  of the disease. However, the  disease  does have  various  common symptoms among individuals. These symptoms range from  short  memory losses to  loss  of thinking abilities. Most of the early symptoms of the disease mistaken to be age related. The diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease is through the conduction of tests that evaluate the persons thinking abilities, behavioral characters and a brain scan. Once one receives the  diagnosis  with the disease, the progression of the symptoms would include irritability, aggression, long term memory loss, confusion, and mood swings. The researched av erage life span of a person diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease is about seven years. More than seven percent of those people diagnosed with Alzheimer disease die within the next fourteen years after diagnosis. Until recently, more than one thousand conducted clinical trials so far during  research, still  lack  success (Brookmeyer  & Grays, 2009). ... It is the most costly  disease  to society prompting  various  cultural beliefs, practices and reactions towards the disease. Discussion The cultural attitudes of people towards this  disease  are different and in most cases  adverse  and lead to  neglect  of the  affected  and  condition  itself. People ignore the presence of symptoms, and they may  go  off unrecognized. This calls for calls for research and development of plans to  popularize  and  provide  health care to such societies, both the affected and the  unaffected  (Boyles  and Andrews, 2010). A selected  population  in  Nyali, Mombasa is to be used in this case. This is a  society  that comprises of  mixed  races and communities. They interact in social and commercial fronts but share different cultural ideologies and beliefs. These beliefs  cause  the  presence  of some level of segregation within the  various  cultures which may sometimes tend toà ‚  affect  other sectors. These people live and interact within the same geographical  region  and  face  to the same environmental and situational effects. As a result of this, they interact within their daily activities and also with other common issues such as in solving an emergent problem. Though the population may be different ethnically, their subconscious faces the same environmental aspects. As such, part of their  psychology  thinks the same and views most circumstances in the same way, such as the Alzheimer disease. Interactions and communication both within and with the  external  societies  has been simplified  through the development in telecommunication but is still under the control of self benefit. This means that communications and interactions  mostly  base  on what the parties stand to  gain  from the activity. As such,

Family run business Wyncraft Essay Example for Free

Family run business Wyncraft Essay As a Family run business Wyncraft produces high quality decorative home wear, ranging from mainly wooden products as well as high quality pottery, decorative metals and table decorations. Wyncraft will produce these quality products by using wood from only sustainable Norwegian Forests to maintain the future of the business and the environment from which the products naturally and originally derive from. Objectives: Staff levels of Wyncraft Wyncraft operates with different levels including: Technical the practical job roles involved with production of goods, staff perform tasks set out by manager and supervisors etc. Workforce are usually without authority and controlled by managerial and community level staff. Staff at this level- * Jack in addition to one full-time and one part-time member of staff in the sanding and varnishing department * Fred, Albert (Tub) and JR (John Roberts) are hands on in the cutting department and 8 full-time production staff, * Despatch employees 3 full time staff and one driver Graham * Part-timers and home workers assembly assistance * Assistant/secretary Jean Hudson, * Yvonne human resources role, * Harry sales, personnel as well as the books Managerial the technical level interrelates with the managerial level, which is concerned with the co-ordination and integration of work at the technical level. Generally supervisors/managers, the main role is to outline the specific requirements to the technical level form the community level. Other roles include dealing with customers, clients and suppliers. Staff at this level * Harry manages and oversees all operations of the company providing him with high responsibility and authority. * Jack manages the sanding/varnishing department * JR oversees the production department Community the board of directors, this level makes decisions of how the company is to be run by the other interrelated levels. They are responsible for the operation of the organisation as a whole they have authority to provide regulations/requirements in which the rest of the organisation must comply with. In addition this level interrelates with the managerial level to inform of such procedures. Staff at this level * Harry * Jack * Albert * Fred All the brothers above are the owners/directors of Wyncraft where as Harry has more of a managing director role. Although the brothers are at the community level they do operate in the technical level and most operate in the managerial level too. The three levels community, technical and managerial can be represented in a diagram to show the interdependence and authority levels. The diagram highlights the fact that each level could not survive without the other levels. Wyncraft Memorandum To: Harry Roberts From: Ryan Johnson Date: 5/12/04 Re: The importance of good organisational structure Although there are many factors and constraints, which can affect a company structure there is a need to establish a framework of order and system of command by which the work to be undertaken is accomplished successfully. This implies that attention be given to the design and implementation of the company structure. Structure can make or break an organisations (Mullins 2002 p.536) Organisations are groups of people brought together for a specific purpose, for this to be achieved successfully people need to be organised within the best possible structure. (Mullins 2002) In relation to Wyncraft it is necessary to organise and formalise the company into a structure in order to expand successfully and attract and recruit new staff. Good organisational structure can be a means of dividing responsibilities and tasks equally and fairly amongst executives to ensure a simple, effective and functional process for Wyncraft. At present it would appear that Harry Roberts has a higher responsibility level than his co-owners, it can cause pressure for one person to have the majority share in responsibility. It is not good for the company or Harry to oversee all departments and company functions, the role should be shared to ensure that quality is being produced within Wyncraft. If there were shared roles in high responsibility tasks then this could guarantee service and production are of an acceptable standard for Wyncraft. Furthermore specialist staff within managerial department roles could provide Wyncraft with higher standards and production leaving the executives more time to concentrate on further selling and expansion. Wyncraft Proposed Organisation Chart There are many possible structures for organisations to use when considering producing an organisational chart, function, area, process, product and customer. * Function most common structure used, involving the company being split up into departments or specialisations. * Area used by large national or multinational businesses, the concept being that co-ordination is implemented from Head Office to ensure that efforts are not duplicated when different locations carry out similar activities. * Process this is used when requirements for different skills are needed, for example when product is manufactured it passes through several stages requiring different skills for the stages of the process. * Product This is used in large organisations or for companies that have wide product ranges. * Customer this is used when a business has different types of customers who need different and specialised treatment or modified service or products. Most organisations will structure themselves in a way that a variety of structure options are used, different departments could be structured using a different format. In relation to Wyncraft it is appropriate to consider using chart structures that are relevant to its production and process. Although all options should be considered I propose that Process and Function are more practical in terms of Wyncraft. Looking at the above descriptions of structure options Product, customer and area can be ruled out, this is due to the size of the company being relatively small in comparison to large multinational companies and the product range generally quite limited. It is important to remember the main function of the company: production of environmentally friendly quality home wear, which leads on to the need for clear process and function management. Read more:Â  Family Run Business Proposed Process chart for Wyncraft: How Wyncrafts product is manufactured requires different departments/functions with different skills etc. The diagram above illustrates the process in which the product is made which highlights the need for a clear functional process. With a sufficient functional chart or structure then the process above can be implemented. Departments such as personnel are necessary to be part of the company but are not necessarily part of the process involved in the production of the product. Therefore although personnel and marketing etc. need to be considered a separate structure chart is not necessary at this stage. Proposed function chart for Wyncraft: Organisation Functions An organisation consists of departments they usually take the following format: * Personnel the function of Personnel is typically to control recruitment, provide staff training, promote legal and safety requirements and create policies and procedures. In relation to Wyncraft personnel Yvonne manages issues and although she does not work full time for the company she takes a leading role in this department. Harry oversees this department and manages this role if necessary to cover any period of time Yvonne is not present. Being a company that only employs 48 people many of the typical functions of a Personnel department are not carried out. The kind of issues Yvonne would deal with within Wyncraft would be the less formal and personal aspects of Personnel for example staff absence etc. * Production typically the function of the production department includes manufacturing the product, establishes priority order for consumer demand, works within standards and budgets and maintains flow of production. In relation to Wyncraft the main focus for the company is production, the list above does reflect the function of this department in Wyncraft well. The production department is responsible for cutting; shaping, drilling and preparing all the wood used in the production of their home wear products. They are heavily reliant on machinery and control machinery maintenance and must adhere to safe practice as well as storing and controlling materials. * Sales typically this department sells the product and continually looks to expand and increase sales for the company. In relation to Wyncraft Harry mostly undertakes this role and concentrates on targeting major department stores and smaller (high quality) independent china/gift stores. Sales for Wyncraft is different to most organisations as selling direct to customers would actually most likely loose custom for the company. Sales for Wyncraft are expanding overseas due to the success of their web page; the main function of this department now is to concentrate on expansion overseas to supplying to the major department stores. * Marketing generally consists of establishing consumer demand, promotes the product, examines the market and conducts market research. In relation to Wyncraft it seems apparent that there is no actual department for this function. Harry oversees this role and perhaps as part of his sales he also implements some form of marketing, however as Wyncraft is a small company it is realistic that there is no specific marketing department. Strong client relationships with major department stores could provide Harry with enough knowledge on consumer demand and market research etc. * Finance this department deals with all monetary aspects of the company. Typical roles include, balancing accounts, planning and expenditure, wage and salary administration and account management. In relation to Wyncraft Yvonne is responsible for wages and accounts Harry takes control of the company accounts, all companies no matter what size need to manage their accounts and obviously pay their staff. Wyncraft does not have a specific finance department due to the small size of the company. * Purchasing this department would generally be in charge of buying in materials required for production. In relation to Wyncraft all wood is bought from sustainable Norwegian Forests and quantities are provided from the production department, the product range for Wyncraft is small and therefore no specific department is required to buy repeat materials. * Research and Development this department usually provides improvement for production methods and processes through research, identifies new technology and researches new products. In relation to Wyncraft there is no research and development department although progress has been made on the technological aspect with the implementation of the successful web page. Interdependence between these departments can vary between companies in the case of Wyncraft where not many specific departments exist then it could be assumed that the dependence occurs without recognition. The finance department will provide obvious constraints to all departments because without funding they cannot function. The main function of Wyncraft is obviously production and without this the other functions would have no purpose. Sales department is reliant upon production and vice versa because without demand production is pointless and without production sales are not attainable. Relationships within Wyncraft: = Line relationship = Functional relationship = Staff relationship = Lateral relationship Staff can operate with more than one relationship an example of this is Harry who operates in a staff relationship with his secretary, a line relationship with JR and Jack Roberts and also a lateral relationship with many of the other members of staff.

Liberation tigers of tamil eelam

Liberation tigers of tamil eelam The opposition group, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) recruited and used child soldiers throughout the 25-year armed conflict with Sri Lankan government forces. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was accused of recruiting and using the child soldiers as front-line troops. The recruiters of children under the age of 18 are mainly rebels of LTTE and the Karuna group, a break-away faction of LTTE working with Sri Lanka Forces. Forced recruitment of children under 18 escalated in the final months of hostilities during the conflict in 2008. Child-soldiers.org (2009) noted that children were used to perform a range of duties such as digging bunkers at the front line and to collect weapons from killed cadres and Sri Lankan Army (SLA) soldiers. Children were also among the tens of thousands of civilians forced to flee fighting since mid-2008 and were sent to military-run Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps deprived of liberty and freedom in the north of the country. In the east of the country, even in IDP camps, children were still at risk of recruitment and abduction. Child-soldiers.org (2009) stated that LTTE obtained lists of IDPs from a village officer and they used it to identify families with children for recruitment. Families attempted to conceal the children for the fear of their children being recruited as child soldiers but the LTTE cadres would return at night to search the houses for children. In the past, some families paid off the LTTE to protect their children against recruitment but LTTE no longer provided this option in the last months of conflicts. In March 2009, LTTE was said to have introduced a quota system whereby teams of six cadres needed to return with 30 conscripts or they will be subjected to severe punishment. Recruited children received minimal training as they were used as front-line troops to protect the senior leadership and because of that many children have been among the casualties during fighting. According to Tamil Centre for Human Rights (2006), the Sri Lanka government is responsible for the grave and systematic violations against the children as they sought to cover it up with misinformation and propaganda. They also benefited from the collusion of the unwitting international community, the people concerned about issues regarding child rights, which supported the government with neutrality since 1983. It was found that under aged soldiers were recruited with the help of bogus birth certificates that were manipulated by the government, showing them as over 18 years old. When the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflicts (OP/AC) was being drawn up, Sri Lankan government tried to reduce the recruiting age to 16 for states as there were more than 100,000 army deserters. Furthermore, recruits aged 18 and above did not come forward, forcing the government to recruit under aged children. The International human rights law protecting childrens rights had been selectively used by the government thus suppressing the people rather than protecting the rights of the children. The optional protocol was never tested for any child soldiers to find their real age, thus not helping and preventing the children from being recruited. Tamil Centre for Human Rights (2006) noted that even with the support of the international community, the Sri Lankan government could not suppress the Tamil resistance movement that garnered the support of the people. Therefore the government started raising the child soldier issue, with small groups which did not have popular support and with the so-called human rights organisations, with the intention of discrediting the resistance movement. After the ceasefire agreement between the Government of the Democratic Socialist Repuclic of Sri Lanka and LTTE in 2002, there was a significant decrease in recruitment of child soldiers. United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) was working with LTTE to develop an action plan to reintegrate the children, providing them with assistance to school. They also agreed to monitor and prevent child recruitment in the future. Under international pressure, the LTTE announced that it would stop conscripting child soldier in the 2003, but the UNICEF and Human Rights watch (HRW) have accused it of going against its promises, conscripting Tamil children orphaned by the tsunami. UNICEF claimed that LTTE recruited at least 40 children orphaned by the Tsunami. However, from the start of 2007 LTTE agreed to release all of the recruits under the age of 18. Up to 25% of the children have either one or both parents dead or displaced due to war. Victims of war in Northeast region were sent to â€Å"welfare centres† and around 175 000 Tamils were at the centres in 2000. 50% of the victims were children. A survey held in 2000 revealed that they were deeply traumatised. The suicide rate in these centres is threefold of the national average, hitting 103%. (Refer to Fig. 1) It has been proven by a survey done by The Butterfly Peace Garden in 2000 that children in Sri Lanka are exposed to too much war contents. (Refer to Fig. 2) Besides that, study has shown that 95% of the children attending The Butterfly Peace Garden suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For 92% of these children, the cause of PTSD is due to the conflict within Sri Lanka.

An Examination Of The Effect Of Benazir Bhutto Politics Essay

An Examination Of The Effect Of Benazir Bhutto Politics Essay Enlightenment of Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian countries have recently sparked conflict with Western nations due to their traditional law codes and unethical treatment towards citizens. In the west, countries value freedom and unalienable rights, while in Southeast Asian countries, such as Pakistan, the leaders generally rule according to their strict religious law codes. Ever since Pakistan separated from India in 1947, its people have suffered under tyrannical and extremist leaders. As devout Muslims, the majority of Pakistani people are forced to follow Islamic traditional laws, such as purdah, which take away from their unalienable rights. Women and children are especially negatively affected by these traditional law codes, and until recently no Pakistani leader had tried to reform the Pakistani government. Benazir Bhutto was the daughter of renowned politician, and she sought to reform Pakistans government in order to improve the lives of her citizens. She was elected twice as Prime Minister of Pakistan, and she served for a total of four years as Pakistans leader (Wynbrandt, James). Although failing to achieve most of her goals as Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto sought to bring western ideas to southwest Asia by restoring human rights and guiding the Pakistani government towards democracy. Although Bhuttos intentions as Prime Minister were ethical and fair, she was unable to effectively implement her target plans due to her short time in office. Bhutto had chosen a near impossible task by trying to reform Pakistan because many rivaling politicians and citizens were afraid of change. In order to avoid change and remove Bhutto from office, Bhuttos rival politicians accused her of many fallacious crimes. Bhutto spent her whole life working hard and trying to follow in the footsteps of her father, and in 1988 Bhutto had finally won the elections for Prime Minister. As the first woman Prime Minister of Pakistan, she spoke out her plans to steer the country towards western ideals. Twenty months later, Bhuttos rival politician named President Ghulam Ishaq Khan, who was now backed by the Pakistani military, did not want these types of changes for Pakistan. In result, Khan accused Bhutto of abuse of power, nepotism, and economic mismanagement, and Bhutto was kicked from office (Wynbrandt, James). In her first term as Prime Minister she had promised her people many changes, but due to her short time in office she could not follow through with the promises. Bhutto was viewed as a bad Muslim by her fellow politicians and she was banned from politics for the next two years. Despite this, she won the elections of 1993 and she once again tried to implement her ambitious ideas. During her second term in office, she again voiced out many of her western driven ideals. These included striving for democracy and improving human rights; but two major problems faced Bhutto in her second term. First, Bhuttos brother had turned on her and a few months later he had been assassinated. Bhutto claimed that her political enemies had arranged for the shooting so they could blame her, but those who were opposed to Bhutto claimed she and her husband were behind the killing. Second, Bhutto and her husband were accused of embezzling millions of dollars from the Pakistani governmen t. Although Bhutto was not proven guilty for either of these charges, she was booted from office once again for corruption (Wynbrandt, James). She had failed for the second time to effectively implant her promises for the Pakistani citizens. After Bhuttos two failed attempts at bringing democracy to Pakistan, she left the country and resided in England. The people of Pakistan again were forced to live under an extremist leader. Not only had Bhutto failed to complete her short term goals, but today in Pakistan there is conflict which dates back to her terms in office. Her political party, the Pakistans People Party, still exists in Pakistan and it is a strong supporter of democracy. Taliban is a terrorist organization in Pakistan that extreme dislikes democracy, so great conflict has arisen between these two extremely contradicting ideologies. Pakistan is still considered a politically unstable nation mainly due to the Taliban conflict, which can be partly blamed on Bhutto for introd ucing democracy (Groff, Claire Price). Bhutto failed two times to implement her goals as Prime Minister and she introduced a conflict which still goes on today, but her intentions are what made her a heroine. Benazir Bhutto sought to restore and protect human rights for the Pakistani people, which would serve as a huge step in modernizing Pakistan. During her time as Prime Minister, Bhutto stressed the point that she wanted to eliminate human rights violations against Pakistani citizens and improve their quality of life. Before she was Prime Minister, women in Pakistan possessed miniscule rights. They were not allowed to go to school, they had to cover they faces with clothes, and they were generally not allowed to be seen in public. This forced women in Pakistan to live very boring and meaningless lives. As a member of the Pakistans People Party, Bhutto revised her policies in order to give more rights to women. Her policy on women rights stated, The PPP Parliamentarians pledges to promote universal female literacy and protection of the child to honor our women and our future generations (Benazirbhutto.org). Bhutto pledged to give women the rights to literacy and protection. As a woman, Bhutto had experienced the awful crimes done against women and their restrictions in the Pakistani society. She sought to eradicate the traditional Pakistani laws which prevented women from possessing unalienable rights. This would serve as a huge step for Pakistan considering modern countries of the world today value women and men equally. Another major problem that was present prior to Bhuttos reign was the discrimination of minorities. Since Pakistan is full of devout Muslims, followers of other religions were outlawed. Bhuttos policy for human rights stated, The PPP Parliamentarians pledges to protect the minorities. It pledges to protect the weak from the strong. It pledges to undo laws that are discriminatory against minorities. It calls upon the people of Pakistan to give it a constitutional majority to build a society where the weak and underprivileged are freed from archaic state laws (The Independent, London). Bhutto sought to do everything necessary in order to give all c itizens of Pakistan equal rights and eliminate ethnic discrimination in her country. Even though racism is hard to eliminate completely in any nation, by recognizing it and speaking out against it Bhutto was improving the human rights of her nation. Another action taken by Bhutto to improve human rights of her nation was lifting the restrictions against the press. Prior to her reign, Pakistani citizens did not have the freedom of press, which made it hard for them to trust the media. Under the extremist leaders, the government manipulated the news and they only allowed certain books and newspapers to be published (Kuhlman, Erica Ann). Lifting the ban on freedom of press significantly modernized Pakistan because now people could freely voice their opinions and truly believe the media. Also, the material which people read was no longer manipulated by the government so people learned the truth about their own country and the whole world. By developing the human rights of the Pakistani people, Bhutto was introducing her people to western ideals and improving there lives. In an attempt to modernize the government of Pakistan, Bhutto tried to guide her country towards democracy. During the end of her second term in office, Bhutto was interviewed about her plans on the future of her political career. She responded, There are other issues like lifting the military imposed ban on a twice elected prime minister contesting election for a third time for  Prime Minister, appointment of Governors, members of the Judiciary and Election Commission. The Charter of Democracy spells out the changes needed (Benazirbhutto.org). She not only wanted to become the Prime Minister for a third semester, but she also strove to change the political system in order to make it similar to a democracy. By appointing governors, Bhutto would promote local governments to rule under the umbrella of the national government. The U.S. has a similar government in which state-run governments run the states while the national government rules over the whole nation. Bhutto would also bet ter the Judiciary branch of Pakistans government by appointing more Judiciary members. She also would promote democracy by appointing more people to the election commission. With a stable election commission, the elections for president would not be manipulated and the winner of the election would truly be chosen by the people. Another point that Bhutto stressed in her policies was improving the law code in Pakistan (Benazirbhutto.org). Throughout the many years of oppressive rule, thousands of men and women were jailed without the chance to a fair trial. In order to prevent this from occurring in the future, Bhutto set up a new court system in which all men and women accused of breaking the law would be able to have a fair trial. She also freed hundreds of people that had been jailed without trial to exhibit her devotion to freedom and democracy. Bhutto knew that implanting democracy in a nation that possessed anti-democratic people would be tough task. One of her rivals, the Talib an, was a Muslim extremist group that possessed ideals opposite of democracy. She states in her peace policy, An earlier military dictator used Afghanistan s critical importance to the world community to perpetuate his own dictatorship. Now another military dictator [the Taliban] is attempting to use Afghanistan to perpetuate itself at the cost of the fundamental and human rights, including economic rights, of the people of the Federation. The Taliban supported extremist rulers, oppressive rule, and Muslim law code. In order to fully implement her democratic goals, Bhutto condemned the Taliban and all of its followers from Pakistan (Benazirbhutto.org). By doing this, she would ensure political stability and convince more people to become supporters of democracy. Sadly, Bhutto never completed her goals due to her assassination in 2008, but her attempts to democratize Pakistans governments exhibited her passion to enhance Pakistan as a country. Benazir Bhutto sought to transform Pakistan from a traditional Islamic country into a westernized nation. She wanted to improve the human rights of her nation and democratize her countrys government, but due to her little time in office she was unable to effectively implement either of these goals. Although Bhutto never truly achieved all of her goals, her attempts served as an initial step for Pakistan towards the ideal direction. Her party, the Pakistans People Party, is still a forerunner in Pakistani politics. Her party has carried on her ideas and hopefully in the future, with the help of Western powers, Pakistan will become a democratic nation that supports human rights. Benazir Bhutto will always be remembered as a heroine that attempted to bring human rights and democracy to Pakistan so she could improve the lives of her citizens. Works Cited Page A Conversation With Benazir Bhutto. Council on Foreign Relations. 15 Aug. 2007. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. . BBC NEWS | South Asia | Obituary: Benazir Bhutto. BBC NEWS | News Front Page. BBC News, 27 Dec. 2007. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. Benazir Bhutto Biography Academy of Achievement. Academy of Achievement. Academy of Achievement, 4 Jan. 2008. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. Benazirbhutto.org The Official Website of PPP Chairperson Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto. Pakistan Peoples Party. 2007. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. Bhutto, Benazir (1953 ). A Dictionary of Contemporary History 1945 to the present. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. Credo Reference. Web. Boston Public Library Electronic Library. 15 March 2010. Bhuttos Mixed Legacy For Womens Rights CBS News. Breaking News Headlines: Business, Entertainment World News CBS News. CBS, 3 Jan. 2008. Web. 16 Mar. 2010. Burns, John. Benazir Bhutto, 54, Who Weathered Pakistans Political Storm for 3 Decades, Dies. New York Times 28 December 2007. Groff, Claire Price. Bhutto, Benazir. Twentieth-Century Women Political Leaders, Global Profiles. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 1998. (Updated 2008) Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. HHS Media Center, Hingham MA. March  15,  2010. Kuhlman, Erica Ann. Benazir Bhutto, political career of. A to Z of Women in World History, A to Z of Women. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2002. (Updated 2008.) Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. HHS Media Center, Hingham MA. March  15,  2010.   The Independent, London. Asif Ali Zardari: My Benazirs Hopes for Democracy Can Live On If Musharraf Stands down. Pakistan Peoples Party. 6 Jan. 2008. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. . The Sad, Stormy Life Of Benazir Bhutto CBS News. Breaking News Headlines: Business, Entertainment World News CBS News. 27 Dec. 2007. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. Wynbrandt, James. Return of civilian rule in Pakistan. A Brief History of Pakistan, Brief History. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2009. Modern World History Online, Facts On File, Inc. Web. HHS Media Center, Hingham MA. March  15,  2010.

A Psychological Reading of The Fountainhead :: Fountainhead

A Psychological Reading of The Fountainhead  Ã‚     Ã‚   Real independence is a trait of mind. It is a commitment to one's own perception of reality as an absolute standard of thought and action. Why was this so hard for Peter Keating to distinguish between "Self" (what I am) and "Ideal Self" (what I wish I were)? It is evident that Peter Keating's incongruent self-concept is the result of Keatings' beliefs that conditional love from others could only be obtained by distorting his experiences in order to portray the "Ideal Self". This form of personality development starts from childhood experiences and can be directly connected to the amount of congruence or incongruence of one's experience in life. Keating is a prime example of incongruency or someone that registers every little move within the environment. Keating has a constant fear of what is perceived within the consciousness of others, which he spends his entire life trying to appease and control. (Rogers, 1961) Keating is basically a hypocrite, by saying one thing and acti ng in an opposite manner. Keating is not the only hypocrite. Keating is relieved when he notices that Guy Francon is putting on a front for his benefit. It means that Francon too is a man like Keating, with the same attitude toward the consciousness of others. This way of thinking was accurately described as Ayn Rand uses Roark's words in his last courtroom speech, "The man who attempts to live for others is a dependent. He is a parasite in motive and makes parasites of those he serves. The relationship produces nothing but mutual corruption. It is impossible in concept. The nearest approach to reality - the man who lives to serve others - is the slave." ( Fountainhead, p. 680) When Keating first proposes to Dominique, he speaks rapidly, easily, and so sure of himself it was not difficult. A lie is described as an effort to manipulate the consciousness of others, a way that comes too natural to Keating. Though he is an intelligent man, not without some heart, he is fundamentally inc apable of being honest. The concept of truth, the grasp of reality in Keating's mind is different and frightening. Rand uses the terminology "second-hander" to describe the Peter Keatings' of the world. "The choice is not self-sacrifice or domination. The choice is independence or dependence. The code of the creator or the second-hander.

Harriet Jacobs :: essays research papers fc

In the stories expressed by Harriet Jacobs, through the mindset of Linda Brent, some harsh realities were revealed about slavery. I’ve always known slavery existed and that it was a very immoral act. But never before have I been introduced to actual events that occurred. Thought the book Linda expresses how she wasn’t the worst off. Not to say her life wasn’t difficult, but she acknowledged that she knows she was not treated as bad as others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Linda’s life was without knowing she was a slave until she was bout six years old. Her father was skilled craftsmen and so his was allowed to work for his profit as long as he gave half to his master. Linda’s mother died when Linda was young, so her maternal grandmother took car of her and her brother William. Her grandmother had been freed by an elderly white woman. Aunt Martha, as was known, was very loved by many including whites and blacks especially by Linda. As soon as she realized her fate in slavery her grandmother became her only female figure of who she really loved and trusted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As slavery became more and more a part of Linda’s life began to soon change as she learned that she was owned by a white master and his mistress and that she was to do exactly what they asked of her without exception or question. Black slaves were not seen as humans but merely as property who served as servants. They could not accumulate property or belongings or authority because they too were property often compared to â€Å"chattel†. No man or woman had any value except for the price tag placed on them when they entered the bidding block. However, the destiny was different for a man than for a woman in slavery. For a black man, slavery meant long hours everyday, having a family But not having any authority amongst it, dealing with the constant reminder that he as a slave could not protect his wife or children form any harm done by the master, and that if he ever disobeyed he would be beat or killed and there would nothing that could be done in his defense. His long hours worked would never provide money for the benefit of his family. His family was supported by the masters and therefore their primary duty was to obey the masters. For women, slavery had other heart wrenching aspects.

Literary Analysis of Araby Essay

The setting of Araby is described within the first three small paragraphs; it conveys very vivid imagery as you would see it in the eyes of a young boy, noticing details of colors and textures of his surroundings. You soon get a sense of the narrator’s simple minded thinking as he is only a young boy. Going into the adolescent years, the narrator experiences new emotions and finds himself an immense love interest in his friend’s sister who lives down the street. As he spends much of his time admiring him from a far, he finally speaks with her. After speaking with her he is filled with so much excitement that he finds the things had once found exciting are now boring and unsatisfying, the narrator tells us, â€Å"I watched my master’s face pass from amiability to sternness; he hoped I was not beginning to idle. I could not call my wandering thoughts together. I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life which, now that it stood between me and my desire , seemed to me child’s play, ugly monotonous child’s play.†(42). This portrays the future struggles he will encounter as he starts to lose his innocence through experience. In the third paragraph is quite noticeable of how innocent the narrator actually is. As he develops a crush on his friend’s sister, even though he has never spoken a word to her, but admires her from afar, â€Å"we watched her from our shadow peer up and down the street.†(40). The only contact he had with her is when his group of friends would go up to her doorstep as she was waiting for her younger brother, â€Å"We waited to see whether she would remain or go in and, if she remained, we left our shadow and walked up to Mangan’s steps resignedly. She was waiting for us, her figure defined by the light from the half-opened door. Her brother always teased her before he obeyed, and I stood by the railings looking at her.†(40). But he was completely infatuated with her as he cannot help but describe the way she looked, â€Å"Her dress swung as she moved her body, and the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to side.†(40). Every morning he would watch out of his front window waiting for her to leave for school. The moment she walked out her door, he was filled with joy and quickly gathered his things. He would follow her on his way to school like a lost, innocent, little puppy not letting her out of his site. He would do this every day, still not saying a word to her but maybe a couple simple mumblings, and yet he was madly in love with her.(40) He could not shake her from his head, in the oddest of places he would be picturing her in his head. He even says, â€Å"Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand.†(41). And that, â€Å"My eyes were often full of tears (I could not tell why) and at times a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into my bosom.†(41) In this line it is portrayed that he does not realize or understand the enormity of these new feelings he was having for this girl. His innocence is prevents him from kn owing what this attraction for this girl means. At last this girl of his dreams finally starts a conversation with him. She asks him if he would be going to the Araby, which is grand bazaar, and explains how she wants to go so badly, but she cannot due to prior obligations. Flabbergasted that she was talking to him, he did not know what to say. As she explained that she could not go, he quickly says, â€Å"’If I go,’ I said, ‘I will bring you something.’†(42). He says this in hopes that buying her a gift from the bazaar will make her interested in him. After talking to her he was filled to the brim with excitement, he has trouble sleeping because he cannot clear his mind of her and could not think of anything else but her. He tries to pass the following days quickly, despised doing school work, he even says, â€Å". . . her image came between me and the page I strove to read.†(42). As the day grew closer his excitement grew as well, for things now seemed dull, the author says, â€Å"I answered few questions in class. I watched my master’s face pass from amiability to sternness; he hoped I was not beginning to idle. I could not call my wandering thoughts together. I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life which, now that it stood between me and my desire, seemed to me child’s play, ugly monotonous child’s play.†(42). The excitement in him is so extreme that he finds that he is completely aloof and jaded of the classroom. The only thing he thinks about is this girl and going to the bazaar. His thoughts make him blind to anything that is in front of him. Again his naà ¯ve innocence keeps him from seeing beyond his narrow minded path and looking outward beyond his own thoughts and doings. Not thinking ahead, when he said, â€Å"’If I go,’ I said, ‘I will bring you something.’†(42), he did not realize that he had no money and had to ask permission if he may go to the bazaar. When he returned home that same night he asked his aunt for permission to go, she was shocked that he had asked, but agreed to it. The morning of his planned trip to the bazaar, he reminds his uncle that he is going to the bazaar and he needed money for the gift and the train fair. His uncle replied in a muttered and snappy tone, â€Å"’Yes, boy, I know.’†(42). As the narrator returned home from school for supper, his uncle had not yet arrived. The narrator waited and waited trying to pass the time until his uncle returned until his aunt said, â€Å"’I’m afraid you may put off your bazaar for this night of Our Lord.’†(43), but then, â€Å"At nine o’clock I heard my uncle’s latchkey in the hall door. I heard him talking to himself and heard the hallstand rocking when it had received the weight of his overcoat. I could interpret these signs. When he was midway through his dinner I asked him to give me the money to go to the bazaar. He had forgotten.†(43-44). After some pestering at his uncle from his aunt, the narrator was given the money. When he had finally arrived at the bazaar it was mostly closed for the train had taken up quite some time. The only stall that he sees open has â€Å"porcelain vases and flowered tea-sets†(45), which has nothing of interest to him, the vendor sees him and crudely asks him if he needed anything, he kindly denies. As he looked upon the many items and as the lights are being shut off above him, he turns and walks away. As he is now standing in complete darkness for the last light had now been shut off, standing in the complete darkness he has an epiphany. He realizes that he has been thoughtless to believe that the girl would be attracted to him. He will always be thwarted in his path in life. He sees the Araby as what it really is, just a gaudy place to sell things. There is nothing glamorous or even appealing about it. He realizes that he had set himself up for disappointment. As the narrator is pained and frustrated as stated in the last line of the story, â€Å"Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.†(46). We feel the narrator’s frustration begin to build as he has to wait for his uncle, and then the tardiness arriving at the bazaar which in turn leads to not buy anything for nothing of interest is open anymore, his dream is broken. With all of this falling apart so quickly, he soon realizes that he had been blinded and fooled himself into this idea that this elaborate scheme of buying a gift for this girl will make her like him. He is blinded by his innocence and unfortunately losses his innocence through experiencing all of these struggles to try and satisfy these new feelings of his only to realize his struggles were worthless. Also because we do not find out the name of the friend’s sister, this makes the idea of her so much more distant and unreachable. We view her much like the narrator does, as a far and mysterious person who we don’t know much about. When the narrator’s dreams of pleasing her were crushed, the whole situation made sense in the end; he, after all, did not know much about her.

Critical Evaluate Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs

Critic all in ally assess Maslows pecking order of of necessity as instruction of under ariseing employee indigence in contemporaneous Chinese business Nowadays, flock resources hand been considered as an important task. To focus on that employees emotional motivator assimilate eer been considered as a corroborateard to forebode political partys future style of development. (Hurst, 1995) Peoples motivation cistrons and uses halt become to play a to a greater extent signifi foott role in forward-looking firms, which is every boss c argond.In todays china, legion(predicate) local and multinational cooperation companies go through expanded their dimensions Maslows power structure of inescapably has been apply in their gentleman recourses attention to stir up their staffs. Although many plurality do non think Maslows hypothesis is a tidy way to potful with the motivation in china, in that location argon many firms utilize Maslows possibleness to get into a good stave of motivation. For Chinese companies, to adopt Maslows pecking order of needs possibleness as an tolerate dodge to motivate employees running(a) former power.This essay forget state the asylum of Maslows opening of hierarchy of needs, and evaluate it. Then, to combine with Chinese firms case and to terminate off, the Maslows motivation theory is good overflowing to be select as a solution of the staffs motivation. Maslows hierarchy of needs has reflected dissimilar kinds of human beings need. harmonize to Maslow (1943), hierarchy of needs has divided hoi pollois needs into five layers, which beat been state from the fundamentals to the tops physiological, safety, bed/belonging, esteem and self-actualisation.Physiological is the basic things that people need, however, nada crapper be live without this factor which support human physiological front called necessities. If someone terminate gain a enough life to eat and wear, the to a greater extent t hing they need is safety, which guarantee their pimp of lives and finance. Love and belonging al ways stand for a kind of perception of affiliation, which can guard a person a kind of smooth feeling in emotion. The Esteem and self-actualisation atomic physique 18 the two very much higher division of the hierarchy of needs.They stand for the large satisfying which given by other people and themselves. The higher hierarchies are based on the satisfaction of turn down hierarchies, if the basic layers can non be satisfied, the higher layers are prattles. There too exist many criticisms of Maslows hierarchy of needs theory. Although Wahba and Brudwell (1976) have stated that there exist no evident which can put forward there is exist the hierarchy of needs, the hierarchies are not equal to inexistence and the layers are evident to ju dge which is human being appreciate to do and those rarely to own.According to Kenrick(2010), to classify what is the higher hierarchy is prattle. The knowledgeable needs has been considered as biological needs and been classified in physiological. If it is acceptable that Maslow has stated, which will mean that people solve their versed need by masturbation as by having intercourse is the difference mingled with the people in different levels of hierarchy of needs. As well as Hofstede (1984) overly doubted that the pyramid system which the hierarchy of needs has used is based on ethnocentric and does not care the background of identity and collectivism.In fact, for a collectivism people, to come through the bodied benefit maximization is equal to feeler their self-actualization in the whole group. It can in addition explain the campaign why Maslows theory can be in any case used for the people who prefer to conceive collectivism. In fact, Maslows theory has been astray used in different countries company as a system of motivation such as Tesco (The Times vitamin C, 2009), which is the largest retail merchant i n UK, with large human resources all over the world.To the staff of Tesco, the welfare providing by company is not just enough salary but the work atmosphere. moreover as Herzburg (1968) has stated that fixed curtilage that lead to job satisfactions which is related to Maslows theory of motivation. Moreover, focus Trainee plan can be processes which can help people pass on self-actualization that attracts the employees to enter the company. Chinese companies similarly prefer to adopt Maslows hierarchy of needs theory as a strategy to motivate workers impetus.With Chinas development and communication with world, culture motley is on the process. Although there ever stated China is still influenced by collectivism, in todays Chinese society, laissez faire and collectivism are coexisting. According to Hofstede (1984), Maslows theory is based on his identity background it can also prove that Maslows theory is acceptable and operable to Chinese firms. Moreover, for Chinese firm s, Maslows theory is a good strategy to motivate employees emotion.In China Mobile, a more or less noteworthy company in China which is the attracter of the whole telecommunication industry, esteem and self-actualization are the two most affect ways to make motivation. China mobile has provided a series of fully optimized class for their employees to purify their quality of work ability and attain up a kind of militant selection of the outstanding workers to let them achieve their self-actualization which is correspond to Maslows theory. According to China Mobile (n. d. , they have been considered as the most ideal employers by Chinese university pupil in mainland China. It can also applaud that the strategy is correct to use Maslows hierarchy of needs as the metaphysical fundamental to motivate their workers that the numbers of their employees has always raised to 164,336. (China Mobile, n. d. ) In addition, The China guinea pig Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) is also com bined their motivating strategy with the Maslows hierarchy of needs. CNOOC (n. d. ) has presented comprehensive training programs to give the opportunities to employees for self-development.Although the emulous is enormous and hot, the compensation packages are enough to guarantee that they can gain esteem from others and provide enough opportunities to achieve self-actualization. In conclusion, the essay has proved that although Maslows hierarchy of needs theory has been considered that there exist such a number of issues by some people, such as Hofstede and Wahba (1976), it can still be adopted as a good strategy of motivation. Maslows theory not only can use by westward countries, but also can used in Chinese company.The main reason is that theory can make people achieve their value in working and make the work more efficiently if the employees have been inspired. China Mobile as a huge company in telecommunication industry has proved as it success in motivating their workers competitive mood and give a weapons platform for the workers to achieve their dream, in another word, they can achieve their self-actualization. To finish off, despite Maslows hierarchy of needs theory is not consummate enough, it can be used as a good strategy to motivate Chinese employees.Word Count 1082 References China Mobile (n. d. ) Online usable from China discipline Offshore Oil Corporation (n. d. ) Online Available from Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time how do you motivate employees?. Harvard Business Review 46 (1) 5362. Hofstede, G (1984). The cultural theory of relativity of the quality of life concept. Academy of Management Review 9 (3) 389398. Business crop Press, Boston, MA. Hurst, D. K. (1995), Crisis and Renewal Meeting the Challenge of Organisational Change, HarvardKenrick, D. (2010). reconstruct Maslows pyramid on an evolutionary foundation. Psychology Today Health, Help, Happiness + bump a Therapist. Online Available from Maslow, A. (1943). A theory of hum an motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396. Retrieved from The Times 100 (2009). Motivational theory in rehearse at Tesco. Online Available from Wahba, A Bridwell, L (1976). Maslow reconsidered A review of research on the need hierarchy theory. Organizational mien and Human Performance (15) 212240.